Free Pride and Prejudice Essays: Life and Love :: Pride Prejudice Essays

Life and Love in Pride and Prejudice How would life be different if you lived in the early 1800s in a small town of England? How did the courtship rituals exist at that time? These questions are the main subjects of the book, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, who wrote the book about the time that these things took place. When you open to the first page and begin reading, the Bennet family is instantly introduced, along with Mr. Bingley. The Bennet family , which is composed of parents who generally have opposite opinions, and four daughters, each with their own special abilities, play the main role, especially the second daughter Elizabeth. The whole story is narrated through her point of view, so the opinions of other people that eventually become your own are taken from whom Elizabeth is close to and whom she dislikes. That brings us to the other characters, namely the Bingley family and Mr. Darcy. The Bingley family represents a very wealthy family, whose son would be a prize for any girl, and who is deeply interested in Jane, the eldest, beautiful Bennet daughter. The family though doesn't believe the Bennet's to be of a high enough standard, and move their brother to London to distract him with Mr. Darcy's sister, who supposedly was as unlikable as Mr. Darcy himself. Disliked by many because of his pompousness and pride, Mr. Darcy ruined his chances with Elizabeth for himself. In his own desire, he would have easily married her, she even hated to dance with the man. This type of love triangle, with one person liking a certain someone, but having to settle with someone else, happens throughout the book, just with different people. Most of the time all the characters were either in the a household or at a formal party where these loves, courtships, and dislikes began. This form of settings in the book I found rather boring, and it made it very difficult for me to continue reading, though I now know it is Jane Austen style to not have much action but to develop more of the character's personalities. This book is a great suggestion if you love to really understand a character and her feelings towards others. The neat idea is what Austen did with the title of the book. With this book, "Pride and

Hero vs. Tragic Hero

The Difference between a Hero and a Tragic Hero The tragic hero is one of the most interesting characters within a Greek or Roman play. They depict many emotions and often their lives end in a horrible disaster. When we think of a hero, what automatically comes to mind? To some it may be someone legendary. Others might think of a hero as someone of great strength or ability. Perhaps someone admired for their achievements and great qualities.To me, it once meant someone that showed great courage and responsibility . A real hero is someone who faces everyday challenges bravely and lives with a smile despite problems and shortcomings and sometimes even having supernatural powers of some sort. Before these two â€Å"heroes† can be compared and contrasted, it is imperative to know what a tragic hero must possess in order to be called a â€Å"tragic hero. A tragic hero must contain the following features; a tragic hero always had characteristics like greatness and a noble stature, they must have a fatal flaw, that in most cases lead them to be partly responsible for their own demise, usually their punishment outweighs their crime, and then, of course, sometime during where the tragedy takes place there should be some sort of self-realization for that character. This is where they realize their mistake.One prominent characteristic of a tragic hero is portrayed specifically in the play ‘Macbeth' by Shakespeare, the tragic hero Macbeth was a victim of his doubt and insecurity. Thus, the hero's downfall is due to his own errors and actions. A tragic hero has to suffer because of his own mistakes. He is doomed from the start; he bears no responsibility for possessing his flaw, but bears responsibility for his actions.He is usually a king, a leader of men and his fate affects not only his but the lives of a whole nation or number of people. Tragic heroes are without a doubt one of the most intriguing of characters. A Traditional hero is a person of â€Å"dis tinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities. A hero is â€Å"any person who has heroic qualities or has performed heroic acts and is regarded as a model or ideal to follow†¦ † He represents a positive image of a human being, physically, mentally, and emotionally.He is loved by all and cherished for his noble deeds. He always takes up distinctive tasks which no one else ever dares to and may come across much adversity that which he fights with his endurance and valor and eventually reaches victory with a confident heart. He has qualities like courage, honesty and willingness to sacrifice. But most of all, he stands for everything we love to see ourselves as. That is why they are so popularly favored by many.

Social Media and Society Negatively Influence Gender Roles

Social media and society negatively influence gender roles and perpetuates stereotypical gender behavior. These influences can be found in sports, school, the arts, and the workplace. No matter what stage of life a person is in they will continue to be bombarded by the harshness of stereotypes. However, between the ages of 9 and 15 people are at their most vulnerable state because they are evaluating the people around them and are able to see how media perceives gender roles. Although, men are affected by these stereotypes women are usually the main target for these stereotypes. Nevertheless, new studies show that women are beginning to step out of the stay at home mold and are being critiqued for their involvement in certain careers such as the military, medicine, and advancement in technology. Many believe that men are the leading cause for the development of these stereotypes, however this is not true. Indeed, many men may be anti-feminist but there are quite a few women who belie ve that it is a woman’s natural duty to work in the home. When approaching the controversial topic of gender roles people need to consider the many factors that influence and enforce gender roles and at what point they are the most influential in a person’s life. People no matter what age they are, are affected by perpetual gender prejudices. However, the age at which everyone is the most vulnerable is between the ages of 9 and 15. At these ages kids are just beginning to find themselves.Show MoreRelatedMedia And Its Effects On Society976 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society if one were to walk down a populated sidewalk, it would seem merely impossible to spot a sole not twiddling away on their phone. With an entire world unfolding at their fingertips, we witness a society that has become addicted to media. Used as a powerful source of knowledge and entertainment, media plays an enormous role in the development of human life and gender distinction. Through the use of media, guidelines consisting of generated ideas and ways of living, affect both menRead MoreMedia Representation Of The Media1149 Words   |  5 Pagesperson in the world has some access to media. Whether it is through electronics like social media or the internet, or through printed media, it shapes a person’s view on many aspects of society. Media represents a vast array of societal issues. â€Å"Media representation is a way in which the media portrays groups, communities, experiences, ideas or topics from a particular ideological or vale perspective† (Beach). One of the bigger issues media portrays is gender. In today’s culture the issue of the differenceRead MoreSocial Network Media Benefits Feminism1448 Words   |  6 PagesOne specific event that proves that social network media benefits feminism was in 2014, with the hashtag #YesAllWomen. An incident happened in May 2014 where a young man, Elliot Rodger, expressed his hatred for women and he went on a shooting spree in Santa Barbara, California, targeting women. After this tragedy made the news, thousands of women posted on various social networks with the hashtag #YesAllWomen, in order to share the ways sexism and violence affects everyone in their daily life. ThisRead MoreMedia Influences on Adolescent: Social Norms and Identity Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesmajority of their social norms are perceived. In this day and age, adolescents live in a world heavily submerged around media, which plays an important and habitual part of an adolescents life. In a national survey conducted in 2009, adolescents on average spend more than 7.5 hours using some sort of media a day (Rideout, Foehr, Roberts, 2010). With this unprecedented access to the world, individuals are learning and connecting with many different people and ideas through the media (Brown BobkowsiRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Women s Perceptions Of Image, Gender Roles, And Overall Self Worth Essay1352 Word s   |  6 PagesMedia plays a huge role in people’s perceptions of image, gender roles, and overall self worth. The media is constantly reinforcing limiting stereotypes through television, advertisements, films, and more. These stereotypes are especially geared towards women, suggesting that they have to look and act in an overtly feminine manner in order to be accepted by society. Though there are stereotypical qualities of men illustrated in media as well, they are mostly suggesting that men are dominant andRead MoreEssay about Gender Based Stereotype in the Media1723 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The media plays an extremely important and arguably the most powerful role in shaping the perception individuals and members of the public holds towards themselves and their surroundings. This therefore makes it extremely difficult for one to maintain his/her unique self identity or perception of others without the influence of the media. People will define themselves and others based on the messages insinuated by the media. The problem hence emerges when the media insinuate the wrongRead MoreGendered Societal Expectations of Appearance and Their Effects Upon the Individual1721 Words   |  7 Pagesour everyday lives. These things can include friends, family, co-workers, the media and even society as a whole. The society in which people live can play a huge role in how they view themselves and how they view others. Over the years researchers have come up with many theories as to how and why society has such a large influence on people. Now-a-days there are appearance prescriptio ns for everything in our society. It is not good to be too fat, but it is not good to be too skinny either. TheRead MoreWomen s Media And Gender Roles1492 Words   |  6 Pagesattacked in society through the media. Mass media are a reflection of society informed by particular power and values (Stirinati, 2006). Although the representation of women is not a copy of reality, mass media act as image and message,’ should be’ a reflection or representation of society (Hollows, 2000). This contributes to condemn gender role in the media and in real society, which leads women to be annihilated and limited in the media. In 1978, Gaye Tuchman called women’s in media situation ‘symbolicRead More The Media As A social Problem Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe Media as a Social Problem nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The mass media plays a large role in modern society. Indeed, many have argued that people spend more time in â€Å"mass-mediated† interaction than in actual human interaction. The mass media, then, would seemingly be an excellent position to initiate social change, positively affect social problems, and help combat social ills that are considered normal patterns of behavior. Yet, the mass media has largelyRead MoreCosmetics: Depicting False Femininity in Vogue Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s contemporary society, magazines, such as Vogue, depict women utilizing cosmetics to enhance their natural features in order to achieve the central goal of attractiveness. This idea of a consumerist society causes women to become objects of desire and victims of suppression, impacting their individual identities. The concept of consumerism allows Vogue to profit materially, targeting certain aspects of culture through three methodological tools of r esearch, such as ethnography, textual

Structural Organization The Middle River Regional Jail

STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION The Middle River Regional Jail is a highly structured organization. The jail consists of many units; we toured Intake, Segregation, Work Release, Education, Medical, and the Female Minimum Security unit. Each unit is heavily monitored highly trained officers located in a main control room in order to ensure the safety of both the officers and inmates. Each unit is locked by heavy doors that require authorization to pass through. Inmates are divided up into different housing units depending on the amount of points they acquire; inmates are assigned points based on the crimes they have committed as well as their behavior inside of the jail. When an individual arrives at the jail, they are required to wear an orange jumpsuit. If an individual is held in holding for over 48 hours, they are processed into the jail by Officer David Kane. After being processed, inmates are assigned different uniform colors based on their level of security: orange jumpsuits represent inmates in medium security; orange and white striped jumpsuits represent inmates in maximum security; inmates in blue and white uniforms represent inmates who are trustees; inmates in blue uniforms represent those in the work force. If an inmate requires medical assistance, they can send a request form to the medical unit, and depending in the severity of their issue they will either be seen right away or put in line. CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTS AND EXPERIENCES There have been manyShow MoreRelatedThe Niger Delta Struggles: Its Implications for Resource Control.17990 Words   |  72 PagesTOPIC: THE NIGER DELTA STRUGGLES: ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR RESOURCE CONTROL. 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It is a regional power, it is listed among the Next Eleven economies, and is a member of theRead MorePower and Energy Crisis of Bangladesh13714 Words   |  55 Pagesmarket with instantaneous electricity line disconnection. Again motivation will teach us all to stop misuse of electricity in these crises. 5. PENELTY AND PUNISHMENT: (5 % saving) Heavy Financial Penalty at least 10 Times of approximate pilferage and/or Jail term of minimum 1 year and more. For it Laws are to be amended accordingly. As an experiment, the Managers of Electric Departments may be given Magistracy power for 6-12 months on experimental basis, but any misuse of this power will lead to strictRead MoreRetailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction29639 Words   |  119 Pagesrates, economic stagnation, slump in world tourism and declining consumer confidence. But, even before the global economic slowdown that forced retailers into monitoring costs more effectively, technological advances were a way of life in retail organizations. Technology has become the real enabler for retailers over the last six years. Supply chain innovations for retailers were particularly strong in the second half of the 1990s and have continued into today. With all the emphasis on tech nology andRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesVIEW Strategic Human Resource Management Taken from: Strategic Human Resource Management, Second Edition by Charles R. Greer Copyright  © 2001, 1995 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein thatRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespage intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor:Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesappropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P. Fundamentals of HumanRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesin the external environment that appear to have the potential to prevent a ï ¬ rm’s success. In essence, threats represent potential constraints. When studying the external environment, the focus is on trying to predict the future (in terms of local, regional, and international trends and issues) and to predict the expected effects on a ï ¬ rm’s operations. 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Cultural Intelligence And Its Impact On Culture - 1561 Words

Today corporations have turned global. So it is very important that employees and top management both understand the cultural intelligence so they can execute the effective leadership and management tactics. Cultural intelligence provides an opportunity to understand and effectively function across the different cultures (Dyne, Ang Livermore, 2009). For any leader to work efficiently and effectively in different culture environment it is very important to have cultural knowledge and adaptability. To work in different culture it is necessary to have knowledge of norms, habits , and behaviors in the underlying culture so leaders can use it in favor of business. A leader should also understand the difference between his home country†¦show more content†¦Any employee or leader working in foreign cultural environment should understand how the culture influence the business and the problem solving techniques of that culture to avoid the failure. Background of Roaring Dragon Hotel Case Roaring Dragon Hotel was a three star state owned enterprise (SOE) in south-west China. The hotel staffing included the employees who transferred from other SOEs who considered working in Roaring Dragon Hotel prestigious and had some guanxi or connections. The overall organizational culture was relaxed (Grainger, 2003). The actual management practices of Roaring Dragon Hotel was conventional, with least concern for the development or expansion of the hotel s business. The provincial government was concerned with the under utilization of the hotel resources so started looking for modernization. The Hotel International (HI) was selected for revamping of the Roaring Dragon Hotel (Grainger, 2003). Paul Fortune from England was appointed as the general manager for this transition process of the Roaring Dragon Hotel. As his revamping efforts it was decided to demolish the old section of the hotel and replace it with five star wing. A massive employee training program was conducted to meet the world class standards. This training program was followed by employee retrenchment program. After the modernization

Organizational Creativity and Innovation-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.What makes apple the most valuable brand in the world by market capitalization and describe the various innovative strategy of apple? 2.Innovation approach used to identify customer needs. 3.Discus about the Apple culture and how it is encouraging innovation. 4.Impact of Steve Job on Apple and his contribution towards innovation and development. Answers: 1.Apple is known across the world as the worlds most reliable brand. The total brand has grown by 54 percent in 2017. It grew by 4.2 percent and the individual brand value has gained an average of 3.1 percent. Apple has struggled to gain the topmost position in the market. In order to determine the market position of the brand it is necessary to attain sustainable brand(Apple,2017). During the past few years, Apple has gained an effective market position. The role is primarily played by the reputation of the brand and its consistent market usage. It is important enough from the point of view of attaining effective market position. The brand is still famous after it is over-priced. It is important to analyse the changes and putting forward the significant brand value in order to secure value in the market(Apple Inc. 2017). The purpose of the brand is to evaluate effectiveness and gaining market position which is important enough for attaining better market place. Ever after serious co mpetitor from the brands like Samsung, Motorola etc; Apple is a famous name for the gadget geek. Its not due to the product value but the applicable services that the brand is providing to the people(Armstrong, et al 2014). The most interesting part about the brand is that, people wait for the next model eagerly in order to buy it. It is necessary from the point of gaining strategic market innovation. The market is already very huge that requires putting forward for better policies that will certainly allow in gaining market place. The brand is consistently improving its value in the market and allow in managing effective role(Baaghil, 2013). 2.Apple has been a pioneer of innovative technology and development. They have deployed effective market strategy that has allowed in gaining significant market place. The brand has constantly achieved customer attention due to its innovative strategies. The brand has managed to gain a positive market approach. This is significant from the point of view of attaining better qualities. It is important from the point of view of gaining better focused technology and development(Berthon, et al 2013). Empathy: Apple does understand the customer needs and develop their product accordingly. They have learnt to be a better innovator in terms of gaining significant market place and gain effective market place(Blakeman,2014). Focus: The purpose is to attain better job and managing a significant focus in order to treat the issue in managing the focused market place. It is all required to gain a focus that will help in maintaining a significant brand image and allocating the particular market place. It is necessary for a brand like Apple to gain focus in a better way that will allow in gaining innovative venture and managing better growth result. It is important from the point of gaining better opportunities and venturing into the long term goal of the company. The purpose is therefore to organize systematic growth and development and acquiring better results(De Mooij,2013). Impute: Apple is known for its high quality and nature. The brand has enabled a significant market position that has improved its value. The progress of the brand is arranged through better steps and procedure. The brand has an overall effective position which has gained effectiveness on a long run(Doole and Lowe, 2008). For the purpose it is evident to manage the importance of the brand and delivering effective goals. This is important from the point of generating focused outcome. After all, Apple has been gaining significant market place with a strategy to gain focused growth(Dou, et al 2010). 3.While most of the business organizations are facing complication due to their complicated business environment, Apple has been a pioneer of sustainable business innovator. With an efficient organizational culture and development has allowed in gaining effectiveness. The multi-cultural environment at Apple has helped them in gaining a competitive market place. This is due to their continuous innovation and development that they are able to gain a suitable market place. The purpose here is to ensure systematic growth and development. The effective functional growth and development will allocate in functioning(Fromm Garton,2013). The diversified culture in the company has helped in managing the challenges and gaining competencies. The changes has allowed in managing effectiveness and gaining cultural advantage. The purpose is to fulfil the organizational model and matching up with the individual expectations. This cultural advancement has helped in gaining effective organizational gr owth and managing objectives. The core values were imbibed by Steve Job has contributed in gaining consistent goal. Apple store across the world has accompanied in gaining effective growth. Apple store has gained efficient market place through its innovative customer interaction and innovation. These strategies are important from the point of giving technical support. The purpose of these strategies has helped in gaining long-term sustainable goals(Graham, 2008). The purpose of supporting an interactive cultural advancement is to carry the mission statement. The business culture at Apple is innovative that help in maintaining a balance in guaranteeing growth. It is important enough for guaranteeing sustainable result and managing growth for long term purpose. The organizational culture and development has helped in gaining objectives and managing long term effectiveness. These facilities are important from the point of view of gaining consistent growth and managing growth in a syste matic way. 4.With the reign n of Steve Job, Apple has undergone considerable growth and development. Jobs have entirely changed the way Apple worked. It was often described that the brand has gained a considerable results due to his leadership skills. The design and the technology on other hand have helped in improvising the product. It is even evident from the point of view of gaining adequate results and procuring better results. The organizational results can only be improved by instituting changes and looking onto innovative business strategies. This has significantly allowed in managing the business function which in return has helped apple in gaining competitive strategies. This is important to manage the multi-cultural environment and looking onto the most innovative business strategy which will certainly allow in managing the organizational growth. From the point of view of gaining growth, it is important to manage the changes and acquiring effectiveness. The challenges can be managed b y gaining better roles and responsibilities. The overall growth of Apple was possible due to the efforts made by Steve Job. The certainty of business growth and development has been possible due to the efforts made. The secret organizational potential and development has created long-term effectiveness and managed all possibilities in order to match the competent results(Hsu, 2014). The purpose of the organizational development and growth has been possible by managing sustainable growth and advancement. It is necessary from the point if gathering effectiveness and furnishing possible results. The overall purpose is to guarantee growth and advancement. The challenges faced by the company are in terms of managing technological advancement. The changes are effective from the point of accommodating the space. It is therefore important to enhance the competency and gaining better role(Kim Ko, 2012) References Apple, (Online) .Retrieved from: https://www.apple.com/in/iphone-7/specs/ (Accessed on: 31 March 2018) Apple Inc. (2017). Apple Computer, Inc. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Apple Computer, Inc. (Online). Retrieved from: https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/31/Apple-Computer-Inc.html (Accessed on: 31 March 2018) Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. Kotler, P., (2014).Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Baaghil, S.A., (2013).The Power of Belonging: A Marketing Strategy for Branding. iUniverse. Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. Shapiro, D., (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), pp.261-271. Blakeman, R., (2014).Integrated marketing communication: creative strategy from idea to implementation. Rowman Littlefield. De Mooij, M., (2013).Global marketing advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Doole, I. Lowe, R., (2008).International marketing strategy: analysis, development implementation. Cengage Learning EMEA. Dou, W., Lim, K.H., Su, C., Zhou, N. Cui, N., (2010). Brpositioning strategy using search engine marketing.Mis Quarterly, pp.261-279. Fromm, J. Garton, C., (2013).Marketing to millennials: Reach the largest most influential generation of consumers ever. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Graham, H., (2008).Marketing strategy competitive positioning. Pearson Education India. Hsu, E.,( 2014). Mobile marketing.Haettu,18, p.2014. Kim, A.J. Ko, E., (2012). Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand.Journal of Business Research,65(10), pp.1480-1486. Kingsnorth, S., (2016).Digital Marketing Strategy: An Integrated Approach to Online Marketing. Kogan Page Publishers

Registered Nurses and Accountability for Midwifery - myassignmenthelp

Question: Should Registered Nurses be Held Accountable for Their Own Practice? Answer: Introduction Accountability means being answerable, liable, blame worth as well as possibility of explaining about a certain action (Migrant, 2017). According to the definition by the American Nurses Associations code of ethics, accountability entails being answerable to ones own and others actions (Battie and Steelman, 2014). With regard to nurses, they may be held accountable legally, ethically, and professionally for their actions, including omissions and inactions. On the other hand, professional responsibility refers to the moral and ethical obligations that permeate the nursing profession (Reid, n.d.). Accountability mainly entails competency, maintenance, safeguarding of quality patient care, outcomes and heeding to profession standards at the same time being answerable to those that are affected by ones nursing actions (Ireland, 2017). In this regard, nursing accountability is a complex but vital concept. Currently, accountability is a principle relevant to all healthcare professionals. As the Royal College of Registered Nursing (n.d.) outlines, providers of health service are accountable to the criminal and civil courts. For RNS, they are accountable professionally to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC). However, in many healthcare settings professional accountability has become an issue of concern. As Sherman (2013) claims, ethicists have observed as most healthcare aspects change, individuals willingness to accept accountability and responsibility has reduced. As such, the current paper seeks to explore the issue on whether RNs should be held accountable for their own practice. Evidently, RNs should be held accountable for their practice this keeps them in check to deliver quality care to patients, encourage them to meet the set standards of care. For an RN to be deemed accountable, they must depict various aspects. They must have the ability to carry out a certain intervention or activity, accept responsibility, and have the authority to perform it, through delegation, protocols, and policies of the organization (Royal College of Nursing, n.d.). According to the Australian Medicare Local Alliance (2013), RNs are accountable for their actions and care they provide. Additionally, they are accountable for the delegation of care decisions to another health care provider such as the EN. Also, RNs are accountable for arriving at professional judgments regarding when an activity goes beyond their scope of practice or their own capacity (Australian Medicare Local Alliance, 2013). Roles of Registered Nurses The role of a registered nurse ranges from performing physical examinations to taking health history of patients (Aurora University, 2017). Registered nurses also provide health promotion, counseling and education to clients (Charter College, 2017). Additionally, registered nurses have other roles in the hospital to deal with the patients. They administer medications, do wound care and other personalized interventions to clients (Aurora University, 2017).In order to know what is required of a particular client registered nurses interpret patient information while making critical decisions about the needed actions (Registered Nurses, 2017). The registered nurses are also in coordinating care in collaboration with other health care professionals like doctors and enrolled nurses. They do this in order to ensure smooth running of all the nursing activities in the particular health facilities. Apart from direct care for the patients activities, registered nurses also engage in other roles all of which contribute to the positive running of their overall responsibilities. For instance, the registered nurses are in charge of directing and supervising care delivered by other health care officers like nurse helps and other practical licenses nurses and supervises the less-skilled nurses or particular units (Charter College, 2017). The registered nurses also engage in conducting research for improved practice support and the betterment of the patient outcomes (Aurora University, 2017). Areas of Accountability There are several areas of accountability that RNs should be held accountable for. These include accountability to the patient, employer, profession, and to the union (Philips, n.d.). Foremost, RNs accountability is to the client where they hold out as individuals with special training, knowledge, and skills necessary to provide the best care. As such RNs have a duty to the client to offer standards of care that are reasonable and prudent. Compromising these standards would be detrimental to the patient and one should be answerable to the consequences. RNs accountability is also to their employer. As Philips (n.d.) outlines, as an employee, every nurse has a responsibility to carry out their duties in the scope of employment as the employer provides. As such, RNs are responsible for knowing their employment terms and work within them, and to know the procedures and policies that govern their employment scope. Failing to work within the defined scope may void the responsibility of the employer towards the RNs, thus leaving them to bear the liability cost of their activities Philips (n.d.). In addition to accountability to the client and employer, RNs are accountable to the profession where they are expected to meet their professions standards (Philips, n.d.). In this regard, RNs are required to carry out activities that are in the scope of their practice, and it is their responsibility to maintain as well as update the standards. With regard to accountability to the union, RNs should be aware of the unions policies and decisions that may affect them as members and also their responsibilities towards the union. Thus, RNs should be aware of the many accountability areas they should consider prior to engaging in any actions and activities related to their profession. Factors Affecting RNs Practice Different factors in the society affect the way RNs practice in varying ways. The culture and beliefs of the RN is one of the factors that may affect how these professionals carry out their roles and make decisions. Some cultural beliefs may contradict with the acceptable standards of care. For instance, an RNs culture may call for secrecy regarding revealing a patients serious condition. On the other hand, it is the right of the patients to be informed of their conditions and is supposed to make informed decisions. As such, if the RNs are unable to set aside their beliefs and act as per their professional standards they may be held accountable for their actions, similarly, personality of the RNs may impact on their practice in terms of the way they deal with human relations and their values and moral standpoints. As such, personality affects decision making and determines how health professionals react to issues. Additionally, RNs own experience may also impact on their practice. Mo re experienced nurses may be in a better position to address certain issues as opposed to newly recruited professionals. For instance, an experienced RN may be able to make a more accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, a nurse that is new in the profession may be at a better position to implement evidence-based practice as opposed to one that has been on the nursing industry for long. This is because it may take a while for the more experienced nurse to adopt to change and integrate the innovative practice in their nursing. Additionally, the one that has been in the nursing practice may be more experienced in other areas but may lack the evidence-based skills, knowledge, and experience. In this regard, it is important for RNs to be able to integrate values, ethics, and professionalism when making decisions and providing care, and be flexible. As such, different factors affect RNs practice. Benefits of Accountability Accountability of RNs presents with certain benefits. As Rachel (2012) states, accountability is an energizing drive in any organization that allows healthcare professionals to fulfill their goals easily. Every care provider builds credibility by holding each other accountable. On the contrary, where healthcare professionals lack accountability, they present excuses for not fulfilling their objectives (Rachel, 2012). Additionally, accountability of nurses allows for continuity of care. For instance, perioperative nurses are accountable when they provide care after surgery since hand overs are an important component of the safety of the patient that ensures that care givers are given sufficient information regarding the patient. As a consequence, patients receive high quality and safe care after surgery (Battie and Steelman, 2014). Accountability also ensures that nurses advocate for patients by acting on their behalf when they are incapable of communicating their needs. This ensures that patients are satisfied with the care they receive and they develop a sense of trust towards the care providers. What is more, it is through accountability that lifelong learning is exercised where nurses are accountable for learning continually on using best and current evidence in providing care. Lifelong learning thus allows utilization of evidence based care, which has been shown to improve patient outcomes and promote health (Battie and Steelman, 2014). These positive outcomes arise from the quality care offered by responsible nurses. Thus, accountability presents with many advantages that cannot be guaranteed in its absence. There are other advantages of accountability. As a nursing principle, accountability enhances performance and increases competency (OPM, n.d.). This occurs when clarity on how to accomplish tasks is offered to nurses and their roles and responsibilities are well defined. As Sherman (2013) states, professional accountability is achieved through making certain nurses professional responsibilities and roles, as well as clarity on how to accomplish tasks. Also, when nurses are provided with clear standards and metrics are set they guide the nurses actions, ensuring that their performance is improved. For accountability to be forged there are elements that should characterize RNs. Firstly, there should be clarity as outlined by Rachel (2012). Here, the RNs should be guided by clear and specific goals and expectations. The other element is commitment where an accountable RN not only gives orders to their juniors but also listens, understands, and commit to achieving the goal (Rachel, 2012). In this regard, RNs should be held accountable for their actions to ensure proper advocacy for patients, allowing for continuity of adequate care for patients through out. Shortcomings of Accountability The aspect of accountability does not present with positivity only as it presents with some shortcomings. For instance, RNs face the liability threat on a daily basis as they seek to be accountable for all the four entities. Therefore, the aspect of accountability may add pressure to the RNs as they try to act with accountability to the patients, employers, unions, and their profession. Additionally, as stated by Savage and Moore, (2014), as nurses try to act with accountability, they may feel pressured as they take on tasks such as documentation of their activities, some of which take their time away from making it a priority to offer direct care to patients. What is more, pressure to act according to certain terms may increase errors and inaccuracies and decrease the RNs level of competency (Savage and Moore, 2014). In addition to the accountability pressure that nurses have to put up with, there are other situations that make it difficult for nurses to act with accountability. For instance, if a nurse is working in a rural or remote area where the hospital fails to provide the necessary equipments that meet the standards of care, nurses may face a dilemma as to whether to compromise the set standards by the entities they are responsible for. In such a case, the issue of accountability poses questions such as whether the nurse should be held accountable for not providing care as per the set standards even when they are not provided with the necessary facilities. Another controversial issue regarding accountability may arise from nurses collaborative relationships with physicians and doctors. For instance, a nurse may receive erroneous directions from the doctors or physician in charge regarding the type of medication to offer a patient. Without their knowledge they may follow these orders and continue offering the wrong medication to a patient. As such, questions as to whether this nurse should be held accountable may arise. Notably, it is not the responsibility of a nurse to prescribe medication. Additionally, RNs may find themselves acting in contrary to defined roles. For example, as already stated, it is not up to nurses to make prescriptions. However, situations may force them to intervene when doctors are not in the hospital and prescribe medications in case of an emergency. Again, should they be held accountable for such acts even if they intervened to reduce risks to a patient? As such, there are other such factors that may compromis e RNs ability to implement the accountability principle when they have to deal with issues such as understaffing, unqualified college staff, inadequate equipment and resources, and security and safety. However, nurses should be able to uphold standards before acting while prioritizing accountability. For instance, to avoid situations where the RNs will not meet the necessary standards of their profession they can refuse to participate in such tasks. Rejecting such tasks will reduce chances of uncertainties to the RNs thus maintaining the standards of their profession and concerns relating to accountability. As a result, this will influence the wider health system to maintain high standards of care. Conclusion Thus, accountability in nursing has become an issue of concern especially with the changing healthcare world. However, it still remains to be an integral element of nursing practice and helps to improve patient care, life-long learning, advocating for patients, and continuity of care. As An preoperative RN, accountability may be advantageous since it ensures that patients are prepared efficiently for operations, leading to smooth surgery process. I should be held accountable for my actions since it will foster and motivate me to offer quality services. Accountability in nursing has been shown to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes. Additionally, it is through accountability as a principle that RNs are provided with guidelines through which they can prioritize and ensure that patients well-being is prioritized and the standards of care provided are acceptable. However, it also presents with detrimental impacts where it adds pressure on RNs, decreasing the time they spend directly caring for the patients as they act with accountability to other entities such as employers, and unions. Additionally, the aspect of accountability exposes RNs to liability threat in their day-to-day activities as they have to consider the entities they have to be accountable to, limiting the RNs competency and accuracy. However, the benefits of accountability seem to outweigh the shortcomings. In this regard, RNs should be held accountable for their own practice. References Aurora University. (2017). Responsibilities and duties of a registered nurse. Retrieved from https://online.aurora.edu/responsibilities-and-duties-of-a-registered-nurse/ Australian Medicare Local Alliance (2013). Clarifying the roles, responsibilities and accountabilities of Nursing Professionals and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Practitioners in primary care, including general practice. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=11cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwis3ZbglN7WAhXT0RoKHeeHDo4QFghWMAourl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ants.org.au%2Fants%2Fpluginfile.php%2F11%2Fmod_forum%2Fattachment%2F1437%2F20130620_doc_rolesandresponsibilitiesv1.pdfusg=AOvVaw1PcrTOcm-J55-X1iFgEKZ3 Battie, R. Steelman, V.M. (2014). Accountability in nursing practice: why it is important for patient care. AORN Journal. 100(5), 538=541. Charter College. (2017). Registered Nurse. Retrieved from https://nursingschool.chartercollege.edu/ Migrant Month. (2017). Accountability in nursing profession. Retrieved from www.migrantmonth.com/the-means-of-accountability-in-nursing-profession-essay-example Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland. (n.d.). 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Interpreting accountability. RCN Institute. Retrieved from https://my.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/78605/002249.pdf Sherman, R. (2013). 5 ways to promote professional accountability in nursing. Emerging RN Leader. Retrieved from https://www.emergingrnleader.com/professional-accountability-in-nursing/